WHAT ARE THE CLINICAL SIGNS OF THE DISEASE?

By Angie Ibarra

1.       Dullness and reduced appetite

2.       High body temperature

3.       Fast, strong breathing, sometimes with a cough

4.       Inflammation within the nose and in the pink of the eye (conjunctiva) or less commonly in the lining of the eye

5.       Female Reproductive Pathways

6.       Flow of the nose and eyes

7.       Pharyngitis (inflammation of the throat)

8.       Sudden reduction in milk production

9.       Abortion (5-60%)

10.   Nervous signs (usually only young calves)

Reference

Richey, E. (1994). IBR in beef cattle (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/red nose). VM-55. University of Florida, Institute of Food And Agricultural Sciences

PATHOGENESIS

By Paula Barbosa

• The virus penetrates the nasal mucosa, performs its first cycle of replication in the epithelial cells and extends through the lacrimal ducts to the ocular tissues where it establishes secondary infection.
• Subsequently, generalized infection occurs as a result of transient viremia and neural dissemination and / or intercellular bridges that allow the virus to reach the target organ (Duque et al., 2014).
• Infections of the upper respiratory tract or genital tract may occur,  these infections are usually self-limiting and the infection of the animal lasts 1 to 2 weeks (Martínez and Riveira, 2008).
• In the case of genital infections, the virus directly reaches the target organ (mucosa of the vulva, penis and foreskin). (Duque et al., 2014).
• The abortigenic manifestation, the virus reaches the fetus via  hematogen, infects the fetus and causes the death of the fetus. The virus can cause a systemic invasion when transported by monocytes and peripheral leukocytes, reaching the placenta and the fetus, producing abortion, but is observed mainly in the last third of gestation (Duque et al., 2014). 
 

Reference 

Martinez, P. Riviera, L. (2008).Antecedentes, generalidades y actualizacion en aspectos de patogénesis, diagnóstico y control de la diarrea viral bovina (DVB) y rinotraqueitis infecciosa bovina (IBR). Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.

Duque, D., Estévez, J., Abreu, A., Moncada, M., Durango, J., Molina, D. (2014). Aspectos sobre Rinotraqueítis Infecciosa Bovina. Journal of agriculture and animal sciences. Vol 3:1; 58-71. Recuperado de: http://repository.lasallista.edu.co/dspace/bitstream/10567/1193/1/619-1606-1-PB.pdf